Removal of phthalates from aqueous solution by semiconductor photocatalysis: A review

While phthalate esters are commonly used as plasticizers to improve the flexibility and workability of polymeric materials, their presence detection in various environments has become a significant concern. Phthalate known have endocrine-disrupting effects, which affects reproductive health physical development. As result, there is now increased focus urgency develop effective energy efficient technologies capable removing these harmful compounds from environment. This review explores use semiconductor photocatalysis an promising solution towards achieving removal degradation esters. A comprehensive photocatalysts reported literature demonstrates range materials including commercial TiO2, solar activated catalysts composite enhancing adsorption degradation. The pathways kinetics also considered provide reader with insight into photocatalytic mechanism removal. In addition, through two key platforms (the technology readiness level scale electrical per order), crucial parameters associated advancing for ester discussed. These include enhanced surface interaction, catalyst platform development, improved light delivery systems overall system requirements view pilot industrial deployment.